Background: The root canal preparation will produce a smear layer, therefore it needed adequate techniques and irrigation solutions to clean the root canal, especially the apical third because ther…
Latar Belakang: Penyakit periodontal merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang sering dijumpai di masyarakat. Penyebab utama penyakit periodontal adalah bakteri yang terkandung dalam plak sub…
Introduction : Email is the hardest layer on the tooth crown. The enamel-forming minerals can be detached from the tooth surface called demineralization. Demineralization occurs when the pH of the …
Background: Brushing teeth is one of the most common ways to maintain oral hygiene. The horizontal brushing technique is an easy technique to do. Properly tooth brushing will provide a healthy oral…