Electronic Resource

Validity, Reliability, and Significance: Empirical Methods for NLP and Data Science

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Penilaian

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Empirical methods are means to answering methodological questions of empirical sciences by statistical techniques. The methodological questions addressed in this book include the problems of validity, reliability, and significance. In the case of machine learning, these correspond to the questions of whether a model predicts what it purports to predict, whether a model's performance is consistent across replications, and whether a performance difference between two models is due to chance, respectively. The goal of this book is to answer these questions by concrete statistical tests that can be applied to assess validity, reliability, and significance of data annotation and machine learning prediction in the fields of NLP and data science. Our focus is on model-based empirical methods where data annotations and model predictions are treated as training data for interpretable probabilistic models from the well-understood families of generalized additive models (GAMs) and linear mixed effects models (LMEMs). Based on the interpretable parameters of the trained GAMs or LMEMs, the book presents model-based statistical tests such as a validity test that allows detecting circular features that circumvent learning. Furthermore, the book discusses a reliability coefficient using variance decomposition based on random effect parameters of LMEMs. Last, a significance test based on the likelihood ratio of nested LMEMs trained on the performance scores of two machine learning models is shown to naturally allow the inclusion of variations in meta-parameter settings into hypothesis testing, and further facilitates a refined system comparison conditional on properties of input data. This book can be used as an introduction to empirical methods for machine learning in general, with a special focus on applications in NLP and data science. The book is self-contained, with an appendix on the mathematical background on GAMs and LMEMs, and with an accompanying webpage including R code to replicate experiments presented in the book.

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Availability

Inventory Code	Barcode	Call Number	Location	Status
2008000318	EB0004997	006.3 Rie v	Central Library (Database Springer E-Book)	Available

Detail Information

Series Title

Synthesis Lectures on Human Language Technologies

Call Number

006.3 Rie v

Publisher

Switzerland : Springer Cham., 2022

Collation

xvii, 147p.: Ill.

Language

English

ISBN/ISSN

978-3-031-02183-1

Classification

006.3

Content Type

Ebook

Media Type

-

Carrier Type

online resource

Edition

1

Subject(s)

Artificial intelligence

Specific Detail Info

-

Statement of Responsibility

RTS

Other version/related

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